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胆固醇与心脑血管病有何关系

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2018-08-07

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胆固醇是人体不可缺少的重要成分，在血液中它与脂蛋白结合形成极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）与高密度脂蛋白（HDL）三种脂蛋白。引起动脉粥样硬化的罪魁祸首是VLDL、LDL，而HDL则可清除沉积在血管壁上的胆固醇，并将其运到肝脏去，扮演“清道夫”的角色。在VLDL和LDL中含有的胆固醇叫β胆固醇，在HDL中含有的胆固醇叫α胆固醇。健康人体中β/α约为2∶1，过多的β胆固醇不利于健康

       胆固醇是人体不可缺少的重要成分，在血液中它与脂蛋白结合形成极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）与高密度脂蛋白（HDL）三种脂蛋白。引起动脉粥样硬化的罪魁祸首是VLDL、LDL，而HDL则可清除沉积在血管壁上的胆固醇，并将其运到肝脏去，扮演“清道夫”的角色。在VLDL和LDL中含有的胆固醇叫β胆固醇，在HDL中含有的胆固醇叫α胆固醇。健康人体中β/α约为2∶1，过多的β胆固醇不利于健康。而α胆固醇增多则有利于健康，高脂血症之所以形成动脉粥样硬化，主要是因为血中各类脂质的含量失去了正常的平衡状态，即β/α值增大。临床实践证明，当血浆总胆固醇高于200mg%时，随着胆固醇的升高，动脉粥样硬化程度显著增加，冠心病发病率呈直线上升。有资料表明，血浆总胆固醇达260mg%时，冠心病的发病率比血浆总胆固醇为200mg%时高7倍，死亡率高2倍。美国的研究人员在探讨心血管病与血脂关系方面做过许多有价值的研究，他们根据大量临床试验发现所谓的“2换1法则”，即每降低1%的血浆总胆固醇浓度，就可相对降低2%的心脑血管病的危险性（包括发病率、恶化率和死亡率）；相反，每增加1%的血浆总胆固醇浓度，心脑血管病的危险性就会升高约2%。因此，血浆总胆固醇是临床上最常用的诊断高脂血症及观察治疗的指标。例如，欧洲动脉粥样硬化协会就仅以总胆固醇值为标准，制定了两个界限——行动界限，即TC值（血浆总胆固醇）大于200mg%的人应考虑进行治疗；积极界限，TC值大于250mg%的人必须治疗。（来源：家庭医生论坛）

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清除人体不定时炸弹 预防心脑血管疾病

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